The thyroid is a small gland at the front of the neck that produces hormones involved in energy use, body temperature and heart function. When it makes too little or too much thyroid hormone, symptoms can affect several aspects of daily life. Dr. Alexandro Zarruk's internal medicine practice includes the assessment and medical management of thyroid dysfunction.
An underactive or overactive thyroid
Hypothyroidism means the thyroid does not produce enough hormone. It can cause fatigue, constipation, dry skin, increased sensitivity to cold and weight gain. An autoimmune condition called Hashimoto's disease is a common cause.
Hyperthyroidism means the thyroid produces more hormone than the body needs. Possible symptoms include a fast heartbeat, feeling unusually warm, tremor, anxiety and unintentional weight loss. Graves' disease is one possible cause. Symptoms vary, and some overlap with other medical conditions, so testing is needed to establish whether thyroid dysfunction is present.
How thyroid function is assessed
Evaluation begins with your symptoms, medical history, medications and a physical examination. Blood tests commonly include thyroid stimulating hormone, known as TSH, and free thyroxine, or free T4. Other tests may be appropriate when the cause needs clarification.
The choice of tests depends on the clinical findings. Imaging is useful for some structural concerns, such as a thyroid lump, while blood tests assess hormone function. These investigations answer different questions and are selected according to the problem being evaluated.
Treatment depends on the diagnosis
Hypothyroidism is commonly treated with thyroid hormone replacement. The dose is guided by laboratory results and the individual's clinical situation. Follow-up helps determine whether treatment is providing an appropriate amount of hormone.
Hyperthyroidism has several treatment options, including medication and, in selected circumstances, radioactive iodine or surgery. The appropriate choice depends on the cause, severity and other health factors. Some people need coordinated care with other specialists. A treatment discussion should explain the available options and their implications.
Monitoring your thyroid health
Thyroid function and treatment needs can change over time. Follow-up provides an opportunity to review symptoms and repeat testing when appropriate. Persistent fatigue or weight changes deserve a broader assessment if thyroid results do not explain them.
If you have abnormal thyroid blood tests or symptoms that need evaluation, contact Dr. Zarruk's office to discuss an assessment.