Diabetes occurs when glucose, or sugar, remains too high in the bloodstream. It develops when the body does not produce enough insulin, does not use insulin effectively, or both. Over time, high blood sugar can affect the heart, kidneys, eyes and nerves. Dr. Alexandro Zarruk's internal medicine practice includes diabetes care within a broader focus on cardiometabolic health.
Understanding diabetes and prediabetes
Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose enter cells, where it can be used for energy. In type 2 diabetes, cells become less responsive to insulin and the pancreas may be unable to produce enough to meet the body's needs. Type 1 diabetes develops when the immune system damages the cells that make insulin and requires insulin treatment.
Prediabetes means blood sugar is above the usual range but below the threshold for diabetes. It signals an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and provides an opportunity to discuss steps that may delay or prevent its development.
Recognizing changes and reviewing results
Increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue and blurred vision can occur with high blood sugar. Some people have few symptoms and learn about the condition through testing. Assessment helps clarify the diagnosis, the type of diabetes and any related health concerns. Previous laboratory results, current medications and family history provide useful context for this discussion.
Building an individual care plan
Management depends on the type of diabetes, other health conditions and your daily circumstances. A care plan may include nutrition guidance, physical activity, medication and an appropriate approach to glucose monitoring. Treatment goals are individualized, taking into account the benefits of blood sugar control and the risk of low blood sugar with certain medicines.
Diabetes care also addresses blood pressure and cholesterol. Reviewing these factors together helps manage cardiovascular risk. Understanding how treatment fits your routine is important, particularly when work, food access or medication costs create difficulties.
Why ongoing follow up matters
Follow-up allows your care team to review symptoms, glucose readings and laboratory results such as A1C, which reflects average blood sugar over approximately three months. Kidney monitoring, eye examinations and foot care are also important parts of diabetes management, with referrals arranged according to your needs.
Bring your medication list, recent results and questions to your appointment. Contact Dr. Zarruk's office to discuss assessment or ongoing care for diabetes.